Pythiosis in Dogs

What is Pythiosis?

Pythiosis is a disease caused by a fungi called Pythium insidiosum water. This disease is a problem especially for dogs and horses, but mildew can infect humans and other animals such as horses, cattle and cats. When infected dog Pythium insidiosum, often affecting the lymph nodes and digestive system. In other animals, the more common skin problems. Young dog of great nations more vulnerable to Pythiosis than other dogs.

Pythium insidiosum different from other mushrooms found in the genus Pythium, as Pythium insidiosum has zoospora a chemically attracted not only to decompose plant network, but a network of skin, hair and rotting animals too.

What is the difference between Pythiosis and Phycomycosis?

Phycomycosis is a condition that can be caused by a variety of different print and fungi, including Pythium insidiosum. Pythiosis is the most common form of Phycomycosis, another example of the kind Phycomycosis Zygomycosis and Lagenidiosis.

Pythiosis occurrence and transmission

Pythium insidiosum prints found in North America, South America, Southeast Asia, Eastern Australia, and New Zeeland. It lived in a world where the winters are mild, because that does not require standing water freezes to survive. In the United States, Pythium insidiosum is most often found in the countries of the warm Gulf (especially Louisiana), but also has been detected in the East and Midwest of the country.

Pythium insidiosum live in the swamps and other forms of stagnant water and sent to the dogs when they drink water. It is also possible to print Pythium insidiosum to infect dogs through the wound, and several studies have shown that lesions in the digestive tract may be necessary to capture Pythiosis by drinking contaminated water.

Pythiosis symptoms in dogs

When Pythium insidiosum gain entry to the dog, it will begin to grow slowly in the stomach and small intestine of animals. Finally, a big bump composed of granulation networks will develop in the stomach and small intestine, and the disease can spread to nearby lymph nodes. In dogs, the most common symptoms of stomach related Pythiosis, such as vomiting, diarrhea and weight loss. Can also appear en masse in the stomach. Pythiosis in dogs can make them weak and depressed. If Pythium insidiosum infect the dog's skin, can cause ulceration bump. Pythiosis very rare form of the dog, but that does not happen in a few seconds. Although rare, Pythiosis can also occur in the lung and dog bone.

Pythiosis treatment for dogs

Pythiosis behavior standards for dogs will often involve complex operations and long enough. Surgery should be accompanied by antijamur medication for at least 2-3 months, as Itrakonazol and Terbinafine hydrochloride. Unfortunately, postoperative recurrence is not uncommon in dogs infected Pythiosis. Antijamur drugs will often only have a limited impact.

When humans are infected by Pythium insidiosum existing alternatives, and the veterinarian members and researchers may benefit from comparative success achieved in the human side of medicine in their search for more effective treatments for dogs Pythiosis. Mankind has for example been successfully treated with caspofungin. Problems with caspofungin is that it is very expensive, so outside the area for many dog ​​owners. In both humans and horses with Pythiosis, immunotherapy has been proven successful in the past and this may be a possible Pythiosis treatment for dogs as well.

What is Phycomycosis in Dogs

Phycomycosis is a disease that can be caused by a variety of molds and mildew. Total variation Phycomycosis get their own name, as Pythiosis, Lagenidiosis and Zygomycosis. Dogs and horses are one of the most commonly infected animals when it comes to Phycomycosis, but humans can also be infected with some form Phycomycosis. Phycomycosis primarily infect the digestive tract or the skin of the dog, but can spread to other parts of the body as well, including the lymph nodes.

In dogs, the most commonly found variant is Phycomycosis Pythiosis. The disease is caused by a fungus called Pythium water. Lagenidiosis Lagenidium caused by various species, the water molds such as Pythium. Zygomycosis can be caused by two different variants Zygomycetes: Mucorales Entomophthoralesand. Between variants Entomophthorales you can find Basidiobolus and Conidiobolus example, while Absidia, Mucor, Mortierella, Saksenaea, Rhizomucor, and Rhizopus are examples of varieties Mucorales.

Because good Pythiosis and Lagenidiosis is a disease caused by micro-organisms from the class Oomycetes, some vets refer to these two diseases as Oomycosis.

Zygomycosis

Zygomycosis in dogs usually affects the skin, but can also occupy the sinus and digestive tract of dogs. Mucorales organisms in dogs quite often weakened by other forms of the disease or who have weakened immune systems. In dogs, the disease usually comes suddenly and then growing rapidly.

Entomophthorales on the other hand, can attack even healthy animals. Entomophthorales live in soil and in decaying plant network, and dogs can also contract the organism in the form of dirt from amphibians and reptiles. Insects can also spread the kind Phycomycosis. In the dog is strong enough, this variant of the Phycomycosis usually exists in the form of local infection can become chronic. Some dogs can develop an infection in the upper respiratory tract, so can humans, horses and sheep. In horses, Phycomycosis often exist in the form of lesions on the nose and mouth, sometimes combined with a cold and hard to breathe.

In extreme cases, sinus infections Zygomycosis in dogs can spread from the sinuses into the orbit and the dome of the skull, causing severe rhinocerebral mucormycosis.

In humans, Zygomycosis is not uncommon in healthy individuals. Organisms but can be a serious problem for those who suffer from HIV / AIDS or other problems with the immune system, and patients in acidosis (which can be caused by burns, diabetes, etc.). It can also affect elderly people. Zygomycosis very high risk when the skin or mucous membranes have been hurt.

Lagenidiosis

Lagenidiosis in dogs caused by a vast array of different species Lagenidium, they all like water mold Pythium. Symptoms caused by species Lagenidium Phycomycosis in dogs including progressive lesions on the skin and under the skin. They are mainly found in the dog leg, the trunk, groin and near the tail. Lesions in the form of nodules or ulceration district emerged as the brochure drying. In addition to the lesion, type Phycomycosis in dogs usually cause swollen lymph nodes. The lymphatic system can also act as a way to spread disease, infects the lungs and major blood vessels. Dogs can die if the aneurysm bursts of large blood vessels.

The best thing is knowing Lagenidium Lagenidium giganteum species, because these organisms are used to reduce the number of malaria mosquitoes in full of the world. Lagenidium giganteum is the parasitic larvae of mosquitoes and therefore valuable in the biological control of mosquitoes. Lagenidium species cause Phycomycosis in dogs but other species, not Lagenidium giganteum.

Histoplasmosis Infection in Dogs

What is Histoplasmosis?

Histoplasmosis is a disease caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum named. This can affect both dogs, cats and humans, and is also known as Darling disease. Histoplasma capsulatum is found throughout the world. In the United States, it is endemic to the area around the Mississippi River and Ohio River Valley. This example was found in a trash bird and bat cave dwellings.

At low temperatures, Histoplasma capsulatum to grow as mycelium brown. While stationed at body temperature, for example by infecting dogs, it will be transformed into yeast and cause disease.

Histoplasmosis symptoms in dogs

Dogs usually get Histoplasmosis by inhaling mold spores, and lung, then will be the location for the primary infection. Histoplasma capsulatum If eaten, the digestive tract of dogs can be a major site of infection. From the main site of infection, the organism can enter the bloodstream and spread throughout the body. This example can be settled in the eye or in the bone marrow.

Histoplasmosis symptoms in dogs vary depending on which organs are infected by fungus. Dogs can develop such as lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, or nasopharyngeal ulceration. Dogs can also start coughing, weight loss, and suffer from constant diarrhea, anemia and fever. GI ulceration has also been reported. Trakeobronkial lymphadenopathy can cause respiratory problems. If the skin is infected, nodular, weeping lesions ulceration may occur. Dogs with diseminata Histoplasmosis (Histoplasma capsulatum when has spread from the original site of infection) may also exhibit retinal ablation, chorioretinitis and polyarthropathy.

In the acute stage, Histoplasmosis can be deadly for dogs in 2-5 weeks.

Histoplasmosis prevention for dogs

Histoplasma capsulatum Because found around the world and in a variety of environments, it is difficult to prevent your dog from ever facing it. Testing environment or try to kill the fungus rarely qualified solutions. But you can try to make your dog stay away from the site is very dangerous, as a place where a lot of dirt found birds or bats. Histoplasma capsulatum is known to occur at high levels in the poultry house, the place where the waste from the poultry house removed, caves and other home for bats, birds and roots, especially if it means birds are starlings.

When a dog has been successfully combat infection Histoplasmosis, it will receive partial protection against the adverse effects of re-infection.

Histoplasmosis treatment for dogs

One of the most commonly used treatment for Histoplasmosis dog Itrakonazol 10mg per kilogram of body weight per day. If the infection is mild Histoplasmosis or if treatment begins at an early stage, Ketokonazol an alternative to dogs. Ketoconazole normal dose is 10-15 mg per kilogram body weight and day, was given for 4-6 months. In severe cases of Histoplasmosis, Amfoterisin B or amfoterisin B lipid complex may be required to cure the dog, sometimes followed by long Itrakonazol treatment.

If a dog has been infected but not showing symptoms of Histoplasmosis, a veterinarian will usually shy away from treatment.

Cryptococcosis Infection in Dogs

What is Cryptococcosis?

Cryptococcosis is a disease caused by the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans named. The disease is more common in cats, but dogs and humans do not get it sometimes. When dogs become infected with Cryptococcus neoformans in, can cause severe damage to spread to the central nervous system. Humans rarely get Cryptococcosis unless they have a compromised immune system, such as immune suppressing drugs taken after the transplant.

Cryptococcosis delivery for dogs

Cryptococcus neoformans is found worldwide and various environments. It is commonly found in soil and bird dirt, grime, especially pigeons, which makes extensive in places where wild or pet pigeons occur in large numbers. Transmission to dogs usually occurs through inhalation of spores, but spores can also enter through broken skin. When Cryptococcus neoformans occurs in bird shit, get the non-encapsulated form. This form is not greater than 1 μmand to get inhaled into the deeper parts of the lungs of dogs.

Cryptococcosis symptoms in dogs

Compared to cats, dogs are more prone to develop disseminated for disease. Cryptococcosis diseminata means that the mushrooms had spread from the initial point of entry to other parts of the body of a dog. Cryptococcus neoformans can affect the eyes and central nervous system (CNS) and cause optic neuritis, granulomatous chorioretinitis and meningoencephalitis. About 50 percent of dogs diagnosed to have lesions in their respiratory tract, which is often the lungs, and most dogs have a granuloma in more than one system. Lesions may develop in the nasal cavity. Cryptococcus neoformans is quite often attacks the kidneys, lymph nodes, spleen and liver of dogs, and general lack of almond, heart valves, thyroid, adrenal, muscle, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, bone, myocardium, and prostate.

When Cryptococcosis cause lesions in dogs, they can be different from the kind of granuloma mass jelly made by many organisms (often with very little inflammation). Kriptokokosis lesions in dogs usually consists of an aggregate of encapsulated organisms covered by reticular connective tissue.

Cryptococcosis treatment for dogs

In most situations, the preferred medicine for dogs Cryptococcosis is Flukonazol or Itrakonazol. Flukonazol normal dosage for dogs suffering Cryptococcosis varies from 2 to 10 mg per kilogram of body weight Flukonazol per day. When Itraconazole is used, the standard dose of 10 mg per kilogram of body weight per day. Another possibility is flusitosin, but defensive medicine can grow if you just got a dog and most of flusitosin veterinarian for choosing to combine with Amfoterisin B.

Given subcutaneously Amfoterisin B Cryptococcosis is generally used for severe infections in dogs, usually 0.5 to 0.8 mg / kg diluted in saline containing 0.45% dextrose 2.5%. If a dog weighing up to 20 kg, 500 milliliters is enough. If a dog weighing more than 20 kg, 1,000 milliliters is the standard dose. Given subcutaneously Amfoterisin B is usually given 2-3 times a day for dogs suffering severe Cryptococcosis. Amfoterisin B lipid complex is another alternative here, the standard dosage for dogs with Cryptococcosis is 2-3 mg / kg, given three times a week. Treatment regimens should normally include at least 12-15 treatments, which lasted for at least 4 to 5 weeks.

Blastomycosis Infection in Dogs

What is Blastomycosis?

Blastomycosis is an infection caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis, a fungus. Natural mushroom as prints in the ground, but when the temperature hit the body can develop into yeast.

Wich dogs get Blastomycosis?

All dogs can get Blastomycosis, so can humans and cats. But some dogs are more prone to this disease than others. Hunting and sporting dogs, as well as every other dog that spends a lot of time on the ground in the wet, more risky, because live Blastomyces dermatitidis in sandy, acid-rich soil - usually near the water flow. Blastomycosis more common in adult dogs, for puppies and older dogs tend to be delivered in the wet ground. Vets still do not know why, but the male dog Blastomycosis contract more often than female dogs. The majority of infected dogs Blastomycosis 2-4 years male dogs weighing 50-75 kg intact.

Blastomycosis symptoms in dogs

Blastomycosis is usually transmitted to dogs by inhaled spores. These spores cause lung infection, but this type of infection often restrict themselves. If spores are able to penetrate damaged skin, they can cause local skin infection. Blastomycosis most serious form is disseminated any form of public or Blastomyces dermatitidis has successfully spread from the original point of entry via the blood stream from the lymphatic system of the dog. Blastomycosis types can cause symptoms ranging from skin, subcutaneous network, eyes, bone, urogenital organs, and brain. The exact symptoms vary depending on the affected organ. Among the common symptoms that can be difficult to determine the specific organ is loss of appetite, weight loss, gloominess, weakness, shortness of breath, decreased ability to exercise, coughing, eye problems, and fever that lasts up to 103 degrees F or even higher and not decreased even though the dog was given antibiotics against bacteria that normally. Infected dogs can also develop skin lesions that produce pus or bloody.

Blastomycosis treatment for dogs

A very effective way to treat Blastomycosis in dogs is giving Amfoterisin B in the form of intravenous injection. The vet can give your dog a slow IV drip for a few hours, or opt for fast bolus IV injection given 1-3 times a week until the dog has received the maximum cumulative dose. Amfoterisin B used to be the standard therapy for Blastomycosis in dogs, but the problem with this drug is the risk of side effects problematic. The risk is even greater when the alternative fast bolus IV injection is used. Today, Amfoterisin B because it is usually available for acute, life-threatening infection Blastomycosis in dogs. Even the dog is affecting the normal within 3-5 days showed amfoterisin treatment B. Important to remember that Amfoterisin B have a toxic effect on the kidneys of dogs. Sometimes veterinarians should defer the administration of medicines to give a chance to recover kidney.

Currently, soft drugs have replaced Amfoterisin B therapy for mild cases of Blastomycosis in dogs. One of the commonly used drugs are Ketokonazol, which can be given to dogs orally. In most cases, the dog should receive two doses a day, not a great one. Ketokonazol problem with is that it can take up to 10-14 days before any improvement in the look of dogs, and Ketokonazol also have lower levels of cure B. Amfoterisin Positive thing is that it is far more damaging to the kidneys, and can be given even for dogs with kidney function is disturbed. In many cases, the vet decided to merge with Amfoterisin ketoconazole B. This allows to reduce the amount Amfoterisin B, thereby reducing the risk of kidney damage. Ketokonazol but still quite liver toxic and dogs may begin to suffer nausea, loss of appetite, and vomiting. It can also affect the fertility of male dogs and is not recommended for pregnant prostitute.

Over the past few years, more and more veterinarians have begun to use to treat dogs infected Itrakonazol Blastomycosis. The dog is given orally, and came in much faster than Ketokonazol. In most cases, Itrakonazol given two times a day to start with, and then once a day for 2-3 months. Itraconazole has the same number as a combination of healing and Ketokonazol amfoterisin, but more expensive. In the United States, the 40 pound dog owners should be prepared to pay around U.S. $ 10 per day for this drug, and heavier dog will need Itrakonazol even more, so that choices are really expensive for large trah. Side effects of liver toxicity related Itrakonazol, as with Ketokonazol treatment, but high doses can also cause swelling Itrakonazol on foot and skin lesions.